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61.
James Kerns Hristo Piponov Cory Helder Farid Amirouche Giovanni Solitro Mark Gonzalez 《Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)》2019,302(11):2030-2039
Despite the extensive literature regarding peripheral nerve stretch injuries, there are few studies that compare the nerve histology with the mechanical properties in humans. There is clinical evidence suggesting that the peroneal nerve is at greater risk for injury compared to the tibial nerve following total hip arthroplasty and hip trauma. We examined the two nerves from fresh human cadavers with or without controlled stretch. The mechanical properties, stiffness, and strain were compared with light microscopic preparations in longitudinal sections stained by the trichrome method for collagen and showing the effects of structural deformation. The tibial nerve had an average failure load 1.7× that for the peroneal nerve (P = 0.0001). Although the corresponding average stiffness showed a trend toward being larger (4.39 vs. 3.81 N/mm), the difference was not significant (P = 0.126). Histologically, the perineurium along with the underlying nerve fascicle was undulated in the control specimens and straightened out in the stretched specimens. Peroneal nerves went on to failure at lower loads and exhibited a wavy pattern on pathologic slides after failure, which shows that peroneal nerves fail mechanically before they can unfold. The tibial nerve has a biomechanical and histological advantage compared to the peroneal nerve during tensile testing, which could be the reason why it is less commonly damaged. We conclude that the perineurium is especially protective against deformation changes in human nerves relative to the respective nerve size and number of fascicles. Anat Rec, 302:2030–2039, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy 相似文献
62.
Nicolas Page Bogna Klimek Mathias De Roo Karin Steinbach Hadrien Soldati Sylvain Lemeille Ingrid Wagner Mario Kreutzfeldt Giovanni Di Liberto Ilena Vincenti Thomas Lingner Gabriela Salinas Wolfgang Brück Mikael Simons Rabih Murr Jonathan Kaye Dietmar Zehn Daniel D. Pinschewer Doron Merkler 《Immunity》2019,50(3):763
63.
Diana Carli Elisa Giorgio Francesca Pantaleoni Alessandro Bruselles Sabina Barresi Evelise Riberi Francesco Licciardi Andrea Gazzin Giuseppina Baldassarre Simone Pizzi Marcello Niceta Francesca C. Radio Cristina Molinatto Davide Montin Pier L. Calvo Andrea Ciolfi Nicole Fleischer Giovanni B. Ferrero Alfredo Brusco Marco Tartaglia 《Human mutation》2019,40(6):i-i
64.
Diana Carli Elisa Giorgio Francesca Pantaleoni Alessandro Bruselles Sabina Barresi Evelise Riberi Francesco Licciardi Andrea Gazzin Giuseppina Baldassarre Simone Pizzi Marcello Niceta Francesca C. Radio Cristina Molinatto Davide Montin Pier L. Calvo Andrea Ciolfi Nicole Fleischer Giovanni B. Ferrero Alfredo Brusco Marco Tartaglia 《Human mutation》2019,40(6):721-728
65.
Ivana Palucci Basem Battah Alessandro Salustri Flavio De Maio Linda Petrone Fabiola Ciccosanti Michela Sali Vincent Bondet Darragh Duffy Gian Maria Fimia Delia Goletti Giovanni Delogu 《International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM》2019,309(5):299-306
Interferon-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10), is a potent chemoattractant that promotes migration of monocytes and activated T-cells to inflammation foci. IP-10 is elevated in serum of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and tuberculosis (TB) infections, although it remains to be determined the contribution of IP-10 in restricting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) replication. Here, we investigated the impact of IP-10 on mycobacteria replication using the ex vivo model of human whole-blood (WB) assay. In particular, we compared the levels of IP-10 upon infection with different Mtb clinical strains and species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and evaluated how IP-10 may contain bacterial replication. Interestingly, we observed that the inhibition of the host enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), which inactivates IP-10 through cleavage of two amino acids at the chemokine N-terminus, restricted mycobacterial persistence in WB, supporting the critical role of full length IP-10 in mediating an anti-Mtb response. Addition of recombinant IP-10 expressed in eukaryotic cells enhanced the anti-mycobacterial activity in WB, although no differences were observed when IP-10 containing different proportions of cleaved and non-cleaved forms of the chemokine were added. Moreover, recombinant IP-10 did not exert a direct anti-mycobacterial effect. Our results underscore the clinical relevance of IP-10 in mycobacteria pathogenesis and support the potential outcomes that may derive by targeting the IP-10/CXCR3 pathway as host directed therapies for the treatment of Mtb or NTM infections. 相似文献
66.
Alessandro Bartoloni Maria Elena Remoli Francesca Farchi Lorenzo Zammarchi Claudia Fortuna Eleonora Benedetti Maria Grazia Ciufolini Fabio Macchioni Patricia Rojas Yunni Lara Claudia Padilla Mimmo Roselli Elisabetta Mantengoli Antonia Mantella Francesco Tolari Grover Alberto Paredes Joaquín Monasterio Catia Valdarchi Giulietta Venturi Giovanni Rezza 《Journal of medical virology》2019,91(1):146-150
To determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against dengue virus (DENV) and West Nile virus (WNV) in the human population of the Bolivian Chaco, we tested 256 inhabitants of two rural communities. The seroprevalence, confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test, was 7.8% and 2.7% for DENV and WNV, respectively. 相似文献
67.
Vina Tran Kara Geraci Giovanni Midili William Satterwhite Rachel Wright Carla Y. Bonilla 《Journal of basic microbiology》2019,59(8):834-845
A bacterium's ability to thrive in the presence of multiple environmental stressors simultaneously determines its resilience. We showed that activation of the SigB‐controlled general stress response by mild environmental or energy stress provided significant cross‐protection to subsequent lethal oxidative, disulfide and nitrosative stress in Bacillus subtilis. SigB activation is mediated via the stressosome and RsbP, the main conduits of environmental and energy stress, respectively. Cells exposed to mild environmental stress while lacking the major stressosome components RsbT or RsbRA were highly sensitive to subsequent oxidative stress, whereas rsbRB, rsbRC, rsbRD, and ytvA null mutants showed a spectrum of sensitivity, confirming their redundant roles and suggesting they could modulate the signals generated by environmental or oxidative stress. By contrast, cells encountering stationary phase stress required RsbP but not RsbT to survive subsequent oxidative stress. Interestingly, optimum cross‐protection against nitrosative stress caused by sodium nitropruside required SigB but not the known regulators, RsbT and RsbP, suggesting an additional and as yet uncharacterized route of SigB activation independent of the known regulators. Together, these results provide mechanistic information on how B. subtilis promotes enhanced resistance against lethal oxidative stress during mild environmental and energy stress conditions. 相似文献
68.
69.
70.
Enea Spada Giovanni Rezza Anna Rosa Garbuglia Flavia Lucia Lombardo Ornella Zuccaro Francesca Menniti Ippolito Elisabetta Cupellaro Stefania Capone Maria Rosaria Capobianchi Alfredo Nicosia Riccardo Cortese Antonella Folgori Alfonso Mele The Collaborative Study Group 《Journal of urban health》2018,95(1):99-110
So far, only three small outdated studies have investigated hepatitis C virus (HCV) incidence and risk factors among illicit drug users (DUs) in Italy. Thus, during 2007–2010, we conducted a prospective cohort study among DUs attending 17 Italian rehabilitation centers serving urban areas. Two hundred eighty-four HCV-uninfected DUs were prospectively followed by interview and anti-HCV antibody and RNA testing every 6 months. Incidence was calculated using the person-years method. Infection predictors were assessed by time-dependent Cox analysis. Participants were mostly male (83.4%), under opioid substitution therapy (OST) (78.9%), non-injecting DUs (67.9%), and with a mean age of 30.8. Ninety-one of 224 DUs initially under OST interrupted treatment during the follow-up. Overall HCV incidence was 5.83/100 person-years at risk (PYAR) [95% confidence intervals (CI), 3.63–9.38]. The incidence did not significantly differ according the participants’ sociodemographic characteristics or the degree of urbanization of the towns involved in the study. The incidence was higher for DUs under than for those not under OST (6.23 vs 4.50/100 PYAR; p = 0.681). Incidence was also higher for those with than for those without OST interruption (7.17 vs 5.04/100 PYAR; p = 0.55). However, all these differences were non-significant. At last follow-up visit, a significant decrease in frequency of sharing equipment for preparation/using drugs (by injection or not) was observed by analyzing either the whole cohort or DUs under OST only. Anti-HCV seroconversion resulted independently associated with sharing drug preparation/use equipment, backloading, having a HCV-positive sexual partner, or household and (marginally) intravenous injection. In this study, HCV incidence was non-negligible and OST seemed to lack effectiveness in reducing it. In Italy, implementation of combined harm reduction interventions and antiviral treatment of chronically infected DUs would be needed. 相似文献